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Strong Evidence

Daily Routines

Building predictable, manageable daily routines that reduce conflict, support independence, and work with your child's brain.

Why routines matter for neurodivergent children
Reduces cognitive load

When routines are automatic, less mental energy is spent deciding what to do next.

Provides predictability

Knowing what comes next reduces anxiety and helps children feel safe.

Supports executive function

External structure compensates for internal planning and sequencing difficulties.

Decreases transitions

Consistent routines mean fewer surprises and fewer difficult transitions.

Builds independence

Once learned, routines allow children to manage tasks without constant prompting.

Morning routine

Principles
  • Work backwards from departure time to set wake-up time
  • Build in buffer time - things always take longer than expected
  • Reduce choices (clothes laid out the night before)
  • Visual schedule posted where they can see it
  • Same order every day
Sample schedule
Adjust times to your family's needs
7:00Wake up, bathroom, get dressed
7:20Breakfast
7:40Brush teeth, hair, final checks
7:50Shoes, coat, grab bag
8:00Leave house

Common morning problems

Won't get out of bed
  • Natural light or light alarm clock
  • Earlier bedtime (tired children struggle more)
  • Favourite music as wake-up alarm
  • Something to look forward to (breakfast they love)
Gets distracted during dressing
  • Clothes laid out in order to put on
  • Dress in same location each day
  • Minimal distractions (no screens until dressed)
  • Visual checklist on wardrobe/drawer
Breakfast battles
  • Limited choices (this or that, not open-ended)
  • Same breakfast for consistency if needed
  • Protein to sustain energy
  • Eat together if possible
Last-minute panics
  • Bag packed night before (non-negotiable)
  • Landing pad for essentials (keys, cards, etc.)
  • Checklist by door
  • Leaving time alarm 10 minutes before actual deadline

After-school routine

Decompression first

Many neurodivergent children have been working hard to hold it together at school. They need time to decompress before any demands are made.

Quiet time in bedroomPhysical activity (trampoline, swing, walk)Snack without conversation demandsFavourite show or game for set timeSensory activities (playdough, slime, fidgets)
Principles
  • Allow decompression time before demands
  • Consistent snack/rest period
  • Clear expectations for homework timing
  • Balance between structure and flexibility
  • Recognise that after-school behaviour may reflect school effort
Meltdowns after school
  • Minimal questions initially (not "How was school?")
  • Snack ready when they arrive
  • Low-demand first 30-60 minutes
  • Sensory tools available
Homework resistance
  • Consistent homework time (after break)
  • Break tasks into chunks
  • Timer to show progress
  • Movement breaks between tasks
Screen time battles
  • Clear rules about when screens allowed
  • Visual timer showing screen time
  • Activity before screen time
  • Transition warnings before screen time ends

Transition strategies

Transitions between activities are often the hardest part. These strategies help.

Warnings

Give advance notice of transitions (10 minutes, 5 minutes, 2 minutes, now).

  • Use timers - visual or auditory
  • Consistent warning sequence
  • Name the next activity
Transition objects

Something physical that moves with the child between activities.

  • Favourite toy that "comes along"
  • Special object for difficult transitions
  • Carrying something to the next place
Transition activities

A consistent activity that bridges two others.

  • Song while tidying up
  • Movement break between activities
  • Countdown ritual
First-then boards

Visual showing current task and what comes next.

  • First homework, then game
  • Photos or icons
  • Child can see the reward coming
Finish rituals

Consistent way to mark the end of an activity.

  • Closing song or phrase
  • Putting items "to bed"
  • Checking off on visual schedule

Visual supports for routines

Visual schedules
Pictures or words showing sequence of activities.
Wall chart with velcro removable itemsWhiteboard with dry-erase markersPrinted checklist they tick offApp-based schedule
Timers
Visual representation of time passing.
Time Timer (red disc shrinks)Sand timersVisual countdown appsSimple digital timer
Now/Next boards
Shows current activity and what follows.
Two-panel boardSimple whiteboardCards that flip overDigital version on tablet
Choice boards
Limited options presented visually.
2-3 breakfast optionsClothing choicesAfter-school activity optionsSnack choices
Weekend and holiday routines

Principles

  • Some structure still needed, but can be looser
  • Maintain key anchors (wake time within 1-2 hours of weekday)
  • Balance planned activities with downtime
  • Prepare for Monday during the weekend

Tips

  • Keep similar wake and sleep times to avoid Monday shock
  • Plan one active and one quiet activity
  • Include some household tasks (routine, not punishment)
  • Preview the week ahead on Sunday
  • Pack school bag Sunday evening
  • Lay out Monday clothes Sunday night

Building new routines

1

Start small

Focus on one routine at a time (morning only, then add evening).

2

Involve the child

Co-create routines where possible - they're more likely to follow what they helped design.

3

Make it visible

Visual schedules posted where they'll see them.

4

Be consistent

Same routine, same order, same time - every day until it's automatic.

5

Practice when calm

Run through new routines when there's no pressure.

6

Expect setbacks

Illness, holidays, and changes will disrupt routines. This is normal.

7

Rebuild after disruption

Return to routines immediately after breaks. The first few days will be harder.

The key insight

Routines are not about control - they're about reducing chaos. When daily activities are predictable, children spend less energy managing uncertainty and more energy on learning, playing, and connecting.

  • Routines reduce daily conflict by removing negotiations
  • External structure supports internal executive function difficulties
  • Predictability reduces anxiety and increases cooperation
  • Visual supports are not "crutches" - they're effective tools
  • Consistency now builds independence later